[1] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis: Contribution of Working Group I to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2021.
[2] A. L. Salvia, W. Leal Filho, L. L. Brandli, and J. S. Griebeler, “Assessing research trends related to Sustainable Development Goals: Local and global issues,” J. Cleaner Prod., vol. 208, pp. 841–849, 2019.
[3] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability: Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2022.
[4] S. Zhao, M. Liu, M. Tao, W. Zhou, X. Lu, Y. Xiong, F. Li, and Q. Wang, “The role of satellite remote sensing in mitigating and adapting to global climate change,” Sci. Total Environ., vol. 904, Art. no. 166820, 2023.
[5] C. J. Merchant, O. Embury, C. E. Bulgin, et al., “Satellite-based time-series of sea-surface temperature since 1981 for climate applications,” Sci. Data, vol. 6, no. 1, Art. no. 223, 2019.
[6] J. Yang, P. Gong, R. Fu, M. Zhang, J. Chen, S. Liang, B. Xu, J. Shi, and R. Dickinson, “The role of satellite remote sensing in climate change studies,” Nature Climate Change, vol. 3, no. 10, pp. 875–883, 2013.
[7] World Meteorological Organization (WMO), “Essential Climate Variables.” Accessed: Aug. 21, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://gcos.wmo.int/en/essential-climate-variables
[8] Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), Climate Change 2014: Synthesis Report: Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, U.K.: Cambridge Univ. Press, 2014.
[9] J. Heymann, M. Reuter, M. Hilker, M. Buchwitz, O. Schneising, H. Bovensmann, J. P. Burrows, et al., “Consistent satellite XCO₂ retrievals from SCIAMACHY and GOSAT using the BESD algorithm,” Atmos. Meas. Tech., vol. 8, no. 7, pp. 2961–2980, 2015.
[10] M. Zhang, X.-Y. Zhang, R.-X. Liu, and L.-Q. Hu, “A study of the validation of atmospheric CO₂ from satellite hyperspectral remote sensing,” Adv. Climate Change Res., vol. 5, no. 3, pp. 131–135, 2014.
[11] C. Crevoisier, A. Chédin, H. Matsueda, T. Machida, R. Armante, and N. A. Scott, “First year of upper tropospheric integrated content of CO₂ from IASI hyperspectral infrared observations,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., vol. 9, no. 14, pp. 4797–4810, 2009.
[12] C. Serio, G. Masiello, P. Mastro, A. Cersosimo, P. Pasquariello, and S. Venafra, “Simultaneous retrieval of OCS and CO₂ from the IASI shortwave spectral band: Assessment of the accuracy of the retrieval products and validation with in situ observations,” in Proc. SPIE, Remote Sens. Clouds Atmos. XXV, vol. 11531, Art. no. 1153107, 2020.
[13] S. S. Kulawik, D. B. A. Jones, R. Nassar, F. W. Irion, J. R. Worden, K. W. Bowman, T. Machida, et al., “Characterization of Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) CO₂ for carbon cycle science,” Atmos. Chem. Phys., vol. 10, no. 12, pp. 5601–5623, 2010.
[14] Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), “About Greenhouse Gases Observing Satellite ‘IBUKI’ (GOSAT).” Accessed: Aug. 21, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://global.jaxa.jp/projects/sat/gosat/
[15] World Meteorological Organization (WMO), “OCO-2 (Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2).” Accessed: Aug. 21, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://space.oscar.wmo.int/satellites/view/oco_2
[16] D. Crisp, H. R. Pollock, R. Rosenberg, L. Chapsky, R. A. M. Lee, et al., “The on-orbit performance of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) instrument and its radiometrically calibrated products,” Atmos. Meas. Tech., vol. 10, no. 1, pp. 59–81, 2017.
[17] A. Eldering, T. E. Taylor, C. W. O'Dell, and R. Pavlick, “The OCO-3 mission: Measurement objectives and expected performance based on one year of simulated data,” Atmos. Meas. Tech., vol. 12, no. 4, pp. 2341–2370, 2019.
[18] European Space Agency (ESA), “Copernicus Sentinel-5P.” Accessed: Aug. 21, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.esa.int/Applications/Observing_the_Earth/Copernicus/Sentinel-5P
[19] GHGSat, “World's first commercial CO₂ sensor in orbit.” Accessed: Aug. 21, 2025. [Online]. Available: https://www.ghgsat.com/en/newsroom/worlds-first-commercial-co2-sensor-in-orbit/
[20] Y. Zhang, J. Liu, L. Liu, W. Wang, L. Wang, and D. Wang, “TanSat: A Chinese satellite for global carbon dioxide monitoring,” Remote Sens., vol. 9, no. 6, Art. no. 596, 2017.
[21] G. Meng, Y. Wen, M. Zhang, Y. Gu, W. Xiong, Z. Wang, and S. Niu, “The status and development proposal of carbon sources and sinks monitoring satellite system,” Carbon Neutrality, vol. 1, no. 1, Art. no. 32, 2022.
[22] Y. Zhao, Y. Liu, and X. Zhang, “Gaofen-5: A new satellite for environmental monitoring and analysis,” Remote Sens., vol. 11, no. 6, Art. no. 674, 2019.
[23] X. Liu, S. Zhang, and Y. Hu, “Monitoring of atmospheric greenhouse gases using Gaofen-5 satellite,” Environ. Sci. Technol., vol. 54, no. 5, pp. 2751–2760, 2020.
[24] Y. Wang, J. Zhang, and X. Liu, “The launch of China's DQ-1 satellite for atmospheric monitoring,” Remote Sens., vol. 14, no. 5, Art. no. 1040, 2022.
[25] L. Zhang, C. Zhao, and H. Li, “DQ-2: The next-generation atmospheric monitoring satellite,” Environ. Monit. Assess., vol. 195, no. 2, Art. no. 82, 2023.
[26] O. Bock, J. Bremer, and D. Zeng, “The MERLIN mission: A lidar-based approach for methane monitoring,” Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 266, Art. no. 112689, 2022.
[27] K. Gerilowski, et al., “The Methane Remote Sensing Lidar Mission (MERLIN): An intergovernmental approach to global climate monitoring,” Atmos. Meas. Tech., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 4131–4144, 2020.
[28] N. Strasser, C. Wührer, C. Kühl, M. Haiml, D. Viehmann, and M. Kritzler, “MERLIN (MEthane Remote sensing LIdar missioN): Heading towards PFM and observation of interesting effects,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Space Optics (ICSO 2022), SPIE, vol. 12777, Art. no. 127770X, 2023.
[29] L. S. Rothman, I. E. Gordon, Y. Babikov, A. Barbe, D. C. Benner, P. F. Bernath, M. Birk, et al., “The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database,” J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transfer, vol. 130, pp. 4–50, 2013.
[30] T. Röckmann, et al., “Active and passive remote sensing of greenhouse gases,” Remote Sens. Environ., vol. 178, pp. 180–193, 2016.
[31] D. W. T. Griffith and J. Notholt, “Active remote sensing of greenhouse gases using laser technology,” Atmos. Meas. Tech., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 1901–1913, 2016.
[32] R. Haring, R. Pollock, B. Sutin, and D. Crisp, “Current development status of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory instrument optical design,” in Infrared Spaceborne Remote Sensing XIII, Proc. SPIE, vol. 5883, pp. 61–70, 2005.
[33] J. G. Rivera, J. I. Rodriguez, and D. L. Johnson, “Development of the Orbiting Carbon Observatory instrument thermal control system,” SAE Int. J. Aerosp., vol. 1, pp. 268–279, 2008.
[34] A. Hashemi, S. Shakhesi, M. Haghgoo, T. Abdollahi, H. Bazrafshan, M. Abedi, et al., “Exploring the multifaceted landscape of space industry applications: Thematic analysis of strategic policy plans of developed and developing countries,” Space Sci. Technol. Appl., no. e216288, 2025, doi: 10.22034/jssta.2024.461961.1172. (in Persian).
[35] O. Shekoofa, M. Khoshsima, S. Ghazanfarinia, and F. Bagheroskouei, “Toward the establishment of a national center for space weather services: Vision, mission and organization,” Space Sci. Technol. Appl., vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 34–48, 2022, doi: 10.22034/jssta.2022.309735.1034. (in Persian).
